A fistula is a connection or tunnel between the anal
gland and the buttocks, usually very close to the anal
opening. An anal fistula is almost always the result of
an anal abscess. There are other problems such as
Crohn's disease which may be the underlying cause of the
fistula.
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An abscess produces considerable pain and swelling just
adjacent to the anal opening. Fever may also be present.
A fistula produces drainage from the anal canal to the
opening of the fistula on the buttocks.
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When a fistula is caused by Crohn's disease, your doctor
may recommend treatment with specific prescription
medications.
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In surgical treatment, the sphincter muscle is generally
cut to open the tunnel, thereby connecting the internal
and external openings of the fistula. A groove is formed
which then slowly heals and forms scar tissue. During
the healing process, stool softeners and sitz baths are
frequently recommended.
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In Women - Rectovaginal fistulas may occur as
the result of perineal injury during childbirth, as well
as from other forms of trauma such as cancer or Crohn's
disease. Rectovaginal fistulas cause passage of flatus
and sometimes feces through the vagina.
A variety of options exist for treating rectovaginal
fistulas. The approach must be tailored to the
individual fistula taking into account its size,
location and cause.2 The fistulas resulting
from radiation or inflammatory bowel disease can be
particularly challenging. Still a cure is possible if a
good repair with well-vascularized tissue is performed.1
References
- Amerian College of Gastroenterology. ACG Website. Common Disorders
of the Anus and Rectum: Hemorrhoids and Fissures.
Available at :
http://www.acg.gi.org/patients/gihealth/hemorrhoids.asp
- Gregorcyk Sharon G. Rectovaginal Fistulas And Retroceles. American
Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons Website.
Available at :
http://www.fascrs.org/physicians/education/core_subjects/2001/rectovaginal_fistulas_and_rectoceles/